Art Beyond The West

Coatlicue

This Era, Art Beyond The West is about the history, traditions and cultures and they tour the different artworks and architecture in Africa, America, China, Japan and India. The overall predominant styles in their art are the following:
-Realism
- Symbolism
-Abstractionism
-Naturalism

The Subject Matter:
-Shrines
-Religious Tribe
-People

It shows the different artwork styles from the earliest times to the present. Some of the earliest rock

art in Africa and Australia predates the famous Paleolithic cave paintings in France and Spain. The Indus Valley Civilization, Shang-dynasty China, and the earliest Native American ritual centers in South America were contemporaneous with New Kingdom Egypt and early Babylonia in

Mesopotamia. The ancient, pre-Islamic traditions in the arts of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and adjacent lands along the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea lie beyond the West, but they played important roles in the development of Western art in antiquity and they are usually included in

studies of Western art. Directly or indirectly, these and other ancient non-Western civilizations gave birth to the cultures and art styles, many of which represent cultural ideas that remain vital forces in the modern world. Some early Asian cultures coalesced into large states or confederacies, as in India and China, while the cultural units in Africa, the Pacific Islands, and Native America generally
remained smaller and were organized more discretely around regional leaders and deities. But all of these groups, large and small, celebrated their identities through the arts, with religious rituals that often included prayers, song, dance, chants, architecture, elaborate forms of costuming, monumental art and portable art forms. Together, these non-Western cultures represent the majority of the land, people, and works of art produced around the world from prehistoric times to the present day, and some of them are poised to become leaders in the international art world of the twenty-first century.

The most favorite in Art Beyond the West is the Art style in Japan because the paintings is relaxing and mild, it is simple but nice and their artworks is based in Nature.  

BAROCCO "Baroque"

The term Baroque probably ultimately derived from the Italian word "barocco", which philosophers used during the Middle Ages to describe an obstacle in schematic logic. Subsequently the word came to denote any contorted idea or involuted process of thought. Another possible source is the Portuguese word barroco (Spanish barrueco), used to describe an irregular or imperfectly shaped pearl, and this usage still survives in the jeweler’s term baroque pearl. Baroque art above all reflected the religious tensions of the age - notably the desire of the Catholic Church in Rome (as annunciated at the Council of Trent, 1545-63) to reassert itself in the wake of the Protestant Reformation. Thus it is almost synonymous with Catholic Counter-Reformation Art of the period.

Baroque art is like the 4th era, the Renaissance art but there are different:Time

-Renaissance artists like Michelangelo Buonarroti, Raphael Sanzio, and Leonardo Da Vinci are more famous than Baroque masters Bernini and Caravaggio.
-Renaissance art began early in the 1400s, while Baroque came later in the 1600s.
-Renaissance art works did not completely depict human emotion, while Baroque art focused more on showing them.

The most important characteristic of Baroque art:

-Time 

-Motion

-Drama

-Space

-Light and Shadow

Subject matter:

- Religious

-Mythological

-Superstitious

Predominant Style:

- Classicism

- Realism

- Naturalism

Many Catholic Emperors and monarchs across Europe had an important stake in the Catholic Church's success, hence a large number of architectural designs, paintings and sculptures were commissioned by the Royal Courts of Spain, France, and elsewhere - in parallel to the overall campaign of Catholic Christian art, pursued by the Vatican - in order to glorify their own divine grandeur, and in the process strengthen their political position. By comparison, Baroque art in Protestant areas like Holland had far less religious content, and instead was designed essentially to appeal to the growing aspirations of the merchant and middle classes.

Catholic-inspired Baroque art tended to be large-scale works of public art, such as monumental wall-paintings and huge frescoes for the ceilings and vaults of palaces and churches. Baroque painting illustrated key elements of Catholic dogma, either directly in Biblical works or indirectly in mythological or allegorical compositions. Along with this monumental, high-minded approach, painters typically portrayed a strong sense of movement, using swirling spirals and upward diagonals, and strong sumptuous color schemes, in order to dazzle and surprise. New techniques of chiaroscuro (is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.) and tenebrism (is a style of painting using very pronounced chiaroscuro, where there are violent contrasts of light and dark, and where darkness becomes a dominating feature of the image.) were developed to enhance atmosphere.

Trompe l'oeil

-a style of painting in which things are painted in a way that makes them look like real objects.

-something that misleads or deceives the senses : illusion.

This era are so nice and amazing, this is like the renaissance but the baroque is unique than the renaissance because the paintings have motion, drama and so on. Some paintings is about "feminism" or the scene about women, "nude" and brutal scene.  

Judith and Holofernes

Susannah and the elders

REVIVAL ART: RENAISSANCE

Renaissance Art- (Rebirth/ Revive Art) sculpture, painting, literature, music and architecture produced during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man.

Subject Matter: 

- People

- Religion

Predominant Style:              
- Realism
- Naturalism
- Symbolism
-Idealism

Medium:
- Bronze
- Marble
- Canvas
- Wood
-Tempera
- Oil
- Fresco (Plaster)

The period immediately following the Middle Ages in Europe saw a great revival of interest in the classical learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome. Against a backdrop of political stability and growing prosperity, the development of new technologies–including the printing press, a new system of astronomy and the discovery and exploration of new continents–was accompanied by a flowering of philosophy, literature and especially art. 

The origins of Renaissance art can be traced to Italy in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. During this so-called “proto-Renaissance” period (1280-1400), Italian scholars and artists saw themselves as reawakening to the ideals and achievements of classical Roman culture. Writers such as Petrarch (1304-1374) and Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) looked back to ancient Greece and Rome and sought to revive the languages, values and intellectual traditions of those cultures after the long period of stagnation that had followed the fall of the Roman Empire in the sixth century.

Arts flourished during the height of humanism and Renaissance in Italy. Notable artists in Italy include Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael Sanzio, Michelangelo Buonarroti, Donatello, Tintoretto, Bernini, Caravaggio and Titian. 

Leonardo Da Vinci

Rome is home to scientific geeks in the past. Leonardo da Vinci, apart from being consummate artist is also an advanced thinker (genius). He already had daring speculators on hydrology, meteorology, anatomy, and geology. Advances in astronomy and physics were pioneered by Guglielmo Marconi, Alessandro Volta and Galileo Galilei.

The Renaissance in Italy bought to the country noble ideas and great literary insights. The period of the High Renaissance produced men of highly exceptional genius and talents. 

My artwork skill influence to this era is the subject matter: Humans, Portrait, style: realism and idealism. The artworks of this 4th era is more detailed, realistic, and the famous artist are very amazing, very creative, and very wonderful artwork. 

In the picture below, this is the famous painter in High Renaissance: 

Sanzio

Da Vinci

Buonarroti

Christian Art

Christian art is a religious art which uses imagery and themes from Christianity. It is based in architecture of the churches, cathedrals, and basilica.
In Christian art, there are have Christian Periods: Early Christian, Byzantine, Early Middle Ages, Romanesque, and Gothic Art. In Early Christian Art, divided into two periods: The Period of Persecution (Christians had to worship in secret) and Period of Recognition (Christians started to building places to worship). Catacombs- is the underground burial place.

Catacombs

The most important churches in Early Christian is the "Old St. Peter's Basilica". 

Constantine adopted Christianity as the faith of the Roman empire.

 

Byzantine  Art is comes from the city of Byzantium where Constantine ( a Roman Emperor) made his capital, Constantinople.

 

Constantine

In Byzantine Architecture, the most important example is the " San Vitale Ravena"( it is located on the Adriatic coast of Italy). It is built during Justinian's reign and one of the most elaborate buildings decorated in the byzantine style.

                                                                                                                                                                                                      

San Vitale, Ravena

     

Hagia Sophia- Built for Emperor Justinian
(Anthemius of Trales and Isidorus of Miletus)- Church of Holy Wisdom.

Early Middle Ages

Many works of Christian art from the Early middle ages combine characteristics of the small carvings and metal work of these warrior tribes with the symbol of christian faith. 

A carpet page from the Lindisfarne Gospels (illuminated manuscript- hand- decorated pages of text).

 

There a few civilizations going on in Medieval times: The Carolingian Art (comes from the frankish empire in the period of roughly 120 years from about 780 to 900 during the reign of Charlemagne) and Ottonian Art (refers to the three rulers named Otto who stabilized the Holy Roman Empire the disuptions followig Charlemagnes death).

The most important example in architecture in Carolingian Art is the "Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne" and in Ottonian art is the "St. Michael's in Hildesheim"/

.

Gothic Period dates from the 12th and 13th century. It was a negative term first used by historians because it was believed that the barbaric Goths were responsible for the style of this period.

Romanesque refers to the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 13th century, or later, depending on region.The preceding period is increasingly known as the Pre-Romanesque.

The architecture of churches, cathedrals, and basilica was so amazing and beautiful, internal or external.  

 

Greek and Roman Art

Classical Art is the artistic legacy of Greece and Rome with has influences almost all of Western Art. They show the importance of people & leaders and the importance of gods & Goddesses. The Religion and culture in Greek Art, the Greeks believed in living the perfect life. They believed that a variety of different Gods controlled different aspects of every person’s destiny on earth. They believed these gods acted in every human ways and had great respect and fear for them. Many architecture and works of art were created about different Gods and so on.  Many nice sculptures, vases and the architecture are there in Greek Art like the following:

Dipylon Vase

Women Working on a Loom

François Vase

The Falling Warrior and The Dying Warior

Diskobolus

The Parthenon

and many more.

     Roman art combined needs, native talents, and styles, especially Greek. It was fashionable to own copies of Greek art. In Roman, the biggest contribution was the architecture. The span of their empire was vast, and examples of their architectural style can be seen all over Eastern Europe.

Roman art is less idealized and less religious than Greek art. It was heavily influenced by Greek art and it was more commemorative.

The purpose of Roman art is to create a record of Roman history and to celebrate and show off the power and might of the empire and emperor. 

These are the works of the Roman Art:

Head of a Roman

Pont du Gard

Temple of Fortuna Virilis

The Colosseum

Augustus of Primaporta

Head of Constantine

and many more.

    For me, the most amazing is the sculpture in Greek and Rome because it is very unique, very realistic and idealism, and perfect. 

Ancient Art

Artwork has and still remains a very important part of people’s lives. The visual and performing arts allow people to express their beliefs and feelings. Since most art expresses the feelings and beliefs of a person, the art also express much of their culture. Historians and students can learn from this artwork about a certain culture. Most prehistoric and ancient cultures do not have many written documents and without this artwork we would know very little to nothing about them. That is why artwork from any culture, especially Ancient ones is so important. India, Greece, Egypt, Rome, China, Mesopotamia, Israel and Persia have many types of ancient art with different styles although it is a painting, sculpture, architecture and etc. Animals, people, Gods and Goddesses are the subject matter of ancient art. They use stones, chalk, pigments, charcoal and etc. to make art like for example the “Cave Paintings”, they draw in stone cave using medium of art. These is the picture of cave paintings:

Paleolithic Cave Painting

Ancient art and the artist were admirable because how the artist do their artwork? (how they do that?) I can’t believe it! It is important because it allows us to have a glance of a long deceased culture. A memories.

IMPORTANT IN ART

For me the most important in visual elements is color because they are shown of artist’s emotions in making their artworks. We all live in a world where at some point, color will be a part of, and effect us in our everyday lives. This element gives life and comely to every work of art. To create light, shadow, and space in making artwork. They are the most attractive and the best part in making art. Different colors can create different situations for artwork. We can create the mood by selecting warm or cool colors that remind us of emotions that we want in our artwork. This is the powerful effect on our works and the impressions of the people or the viewer. They choose artist what colors that they use either warm or cool colors. There are different meaning of each color for example red is love, blue is wisdom, green is calm, yellow is joyful and many more.

The most important for me in principles of design is harmony because they combine all elements of art like lines, shape, texture, shape, value, color and motion to create artwork. They also called unity. There are the three methods of harmony, the repetition, proximity, and simplicity. If there have harmony in music, also there have harmony in arts. We can create harmony with color to help us build a particular relationship between the colors on the palette. When colors are harmonized the relationship that is established allows the colors to work together. By sharing something in common, they blend together creating harmony.  

                         

I choose content in components of art because the artist shown their artwork using intellectual message. Content is what a piece of work is about or what is the subject matter. Content can also be the “essence” of the painting. It conveys a subject matter to portray or tell something to the viewer. It shows the significance, expression, meaning or significance of a work of art. Artist use different content in making their artworks. In one artwork, there are many symbols or message in art like for example of the artwork of Leonardo da Vinci’s “ Mona Lisa”, it is a portrait of a woman but there are many symbols in his artwork. “What you see, is what you understand”. 

Mona Lisa

http://www.taradesignspace.com/blog/2012/06/15/form-and-content-what-does-that-really-mean/.